머리말 The first edition of the book was published seven years ago but the need for it has, if anything, grown during those years. Apart from steady demand for it in Korean college classrooms, the Korean youth job market remains unattractive enough that the Korean Labor Foundation reports 35% of non-employed young college graduates are studying for civil service exams or otherwise preparing for public employment. Therefore there is great and increasing demand for an understanding of the policy process for employment. At the same time, the passage of time has called for updated references and more recent examples more familiar to current readers. All weaknesses revealed by the years of heavy use are also corrected here. If you are reading this book, you probably want to work in some form of public service and are hopefully politically active and vote. You can benefit from understanding the public policy process. It is a process of making decisions that has much to teach people to help them in their individual lives. In addition, the overall process is basically the same no matter what sort of government and polity rule in your jurisdiction, whether you are from Korea or some other country. This is because the public policy process is a technical process that is compatible with any national value system. The public policy process requires clarification of values. This is done through political processes where different public actors weigh in and contribute to a collective definition and sense of meaning. While values need to be clear, they may be clear implicitly through the nature of the system, rather than explicitly through formal statements. There is no requirement for what the values must be. The process applies in any country. The policy process is a systematic process for making quality decisions within a given values framework. The emphasis of the process is on making decisions of the highest quality with the most efficient use of resources in a particular policy-making framework. Residents and citizens are part of this system, consume media, and participate in the political process. When you do not participate, you assert that your values are not important and hand over the process to others and let them make the decisions that affect your life. An understanding of public policy can help you evaluate the information you take in, clarify public debates, and make informed citizen decisions that are consistent with your individual values. This process is analogous to the decision-making process you use in your private life. Your decisions at work and at home are not always consistent and so do not reinforce each other. Everyone can benefit from a systematic approach to decisions. The successful student of public policy will start to improve their personal life as a systematic approach to problem-solving takes the place of the haphazard approach that results from a lack of consideration. This course can help you live a better life, be a better and more effective citizen, and prepare for the real world of work, whether in the corporate or public sector. Take it seriously and the benefits will be significant. Finally, no book belongs to the authors alone. A listing of the many people who provided us support and advice would be a listing of the many friends and family members who encouraged us. However, our publisher Lim Choon Whan deserves special mention for supporting and advancing our work in spite of difficulties in the publishing business. In addition, Dr. Jiyoung Ro and Dr. M. Sohel Iqbal made a critical contribution to the first edition that forms the basis for this book. To them and to all who have offered assistance and advice, we owe a deep gratitude. Jong Youl Lee Chad Anderson Incheon, December 2015 차 례 Week 1 Introduction 15 1. What is Public Policy? 15 2. Why Public Policy? 18 3. A Look at the Study of Public Policy 22 Week 2 The Study of Public Policy 25 4. Why Do We Study Public Policy? 25 5. The Context of Public Policy 27 6. Market Failure: Rationale for Public Policy 34 Week 3 Actors and Their Roles in Public Policy 41 7. Official Actors and Roles 42 8. Unofficial Actors and Roles 48 Week 4 Models and Theories 56 9. Policy Theories: Elite, Group, Institutional, Rational Choice, and Political System Theories 57 10. The Policy Process Model 70 Week 5 Instruments and Types of Policy 77 11. Instruments of Public Policy 77 12. Policy Typologies 81 Week 6 Public Policy Design and Policy Tools 89 13. Elements of Policy Design 89 14. Policy Tools 90 15. Types of Policy Tools or Instruments 91 16. Elements for Selecting Policy Tools 97 Week 7 Analyzing Public Policy 101 17. Definition and Nature of Policy Analysis 101 18. Types of Policy Analysis 106 19. Steps in the Policy Analysis Process 111 Week8 The Public Policy Process 121 20. Defining Problems and Agenda Setting 122 21. Policy Formulation 127 22. Policy Legitimation 131 23. Policy Implementation 134 24. Policy Evaluation 143 25. Policy Termination 159 Week9 Public Problems and Policy Alternatives 167 26. Public Problems: Definition and Components 168 27. Constructing Alternatives 178 28. Assessing Policy Alternatives 182 Week10 Creative Thinking about Policy Action 185 29. Brainstorming 186 30. Quick Surveys 188 31. Literature Review 188 32. Comparison with an Ideal 189 Week11Policy Failure, and Learning from It 192 33. Explanations for Policy Failure 193 34. Policy Success, Failure, and Learning 195 Week 12 Policy Capacity and Participation 201 35. Improving Policy Capacity 201 36. Citizen Participation in Decision Making 203 Week13& 14 Student Presentation 209 저자약력 Jong Youl Lee (Professor, Incheon National University) Chad Anderson (Assistant Professor, Incheon National University) |