| 머리말 Urban administration is a field of study with a long and colorful history that spans the globe through time. Such a field provides unique challenges, however, to professors and students who seek an introductory text that can capture this breadth and depth together. Students at the undergraduate level often must approach the field in piecemeal fashion, pulling together theories from different disciplines with little integration and less application. Additionally, for Korean students, there is little discussion of how the field relates to experiences within Korea or the issues that urban administrators may face. This can prove frustrating for all concerned, and does little to encourage further study within the field.
This book attempts to address these challenges in the following ways. First, this textbook is written in English for classes that are taught in English. For Korean college students, studying in English offers unique advantages. As Korea becomes more integrated into the global economy and governance, English becomes an indispensable tool for helping Korean students become competitive on a global level. Moving beyond mere memorization to engage with the world at large requires a text that asks students to become active participants in their own comprehension of the material they study. Studying in English provides just such an opportunity.
Second, the text offers an introduction to the history of urban administration without being a historical text. In this way, students can become familiar with the different periods of urbanization in different parts of the world so that they may be better prepared for further study or work in urban governments. Additionally, this approach allows students to see how the process of urbanization in Korea differs from the process in other countries, and therefore better understand some of the unique components of Korean urbanization and administration.
Third, the book pulls together multiple approaches to understanding the urban environment, including political, economic, administrative, and sociological frameworks in one place, so that students have multiple ways of seeing what makes a city function well. For students who are planning to pursue a career in a municipal government, this kind of perspective will help them approach problems in a more comprehensive manner, thus increasing their chances of being effective administrators. And even if students do not pursue a career in urban government, they are likely to live in an urban area. With this kind of approach, they will be better prepared for the lives they will face, and improve their chances to be better urban citizens.
Finally, the book offers Korean students examples of issues that urban governments face here in Korea, and illustrations of how problems can be addressed in concrete ways. In this fashion, the book is more than a mere listing of theories; we use cases that demonstrate the power of theory, and how knowledge can be applied to improve our understanding of the way the world works. More than half of the world’s population now lives in cities. Understanding the problems that cities create and face improves our chances making our future lives better.
We would like to acknowledge the people who were essential to the book’s production and completion. Our families, many colleagues, and friends supplied needed support, but we would especially like to thank the graduate students in Professor Lee’s classes who provided essential feedback on ideas and drafts of the text; Jiyoung Ro for her assistance in providing documents and data; Golam Mehedi Hasan for research and compilation of materials; and finally, a heartfelt round of thanks go to Choon Hwan Lim, president of Daeyoung Moonhwasa Publishing Company, for his patience and forbearing as the final product was brought together. Without their crucial support, this book would not have been possible. And finally, we write this book from the planned city of Songdo in Incheon, where we can see the contents of our book from the windows of our offices. We thank the University of Incheon for giving us a living, breathing specimen to study at close range.
Jong Youl Lee
Jill L. Tao
Chad D. Anderson
Songdo, Incheon, July 2012 차 례 Week 1 Introduction 13
1.1 Urban Administration: What is Urban?/13
1.2 History of the City/20
1.3 Defining Cities/31
1.4 Urban Problems/47
Week 2 Urbanization 55
2.1 Definition/55
2.2 Causes/59
2.3 Characteristics/64
2.4 Counter-urbanization/67
2.5 Issues/70
Week 3 Governing Structure 78
3.1 Overview/78
3.2 History of Local Autonomy/79
3.3 Mayor-Council/81
3.4 Other Forms/87
3.5 Urban Governance/92
3.6 Governing Functions/100
3.7 Issues/101
Week 4 Urban Public Services 115
4.1 Definition/115
4.2 Rationale for Government Intervention/116
4.3 Types of Services/131
4.4 Service Provision/134
4.5 Issues/141
Week 5 Local Intergovernmental Administration 147
5.1 Definition/147
5.2 Needs/148
5.3 Forms/152
5.4 Issues/158
Week 6 Urban Finance 169
6.1 Definition/169
6.2 Types of Budgets/170
6.3 Budget Process/172
6.4 Functions and Types of Budgeting/177
6.5 Fiscal Stress and Risk Management/181
6.6 Property Tax/188
6.7 Block Grants/191
6.8 User Charges/195
6.9 Issues/200
Week 7 Urban Planning 212
7.1 Definition/212
7.2 Planning Process/216
7.3 Schools of Thought/220
7.4 Criteria for Urban Planning/238
7.5 Urban Land Use Planning/241
7.6 Transportation/248
7.7 Forecasting Population/258
7.8 Issues/260
Week 8 Urban Design 271
8.1 Definition/271
8.2 History/275
8.3 Principles/278
8.4 New Urbanism/282
8.5 Smart Growth/290
8.6 Issues/296
Week 9 Urban Economic Development 304
9.1 Definition/304
9.2 Pro-growth School/307
9.3 Capital and Labor Mobility/317
9.4 Development Tools/330
9.5 Issues/346
Week 10 Urban Marketing 359
10.1 Definition/359
10.2 Ideology/361
10.3 Urban Marketing Process/366
10.4 Strategies/372
10.5 Issues/382
Week 11 Future Urban Administration 385
11.1 Prospects for the Urban Environment of the Future/385
11.2 Reform and Change in Urban Administrative Systems/396
11.3 Future Challenges/399
Week 12 Student Presentations 406
12.1 Assignment/406
12.2 Presenting in English/408 References 418
Index 440 저자약력 Jong Youl Lee
(Professor, University of Incheon) Jill L. Tao
(Associate Professor, University of Incheon) Chad D. Anderson
(Visiting Professor, University of Incheon) |
